Complex Multicomponent System Research Articles

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ СИСТЕМИ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ

The pandemic and the post-Covid period, military actions on the territory of Ukraine have changed the orientations in the strategic planning of business entities. Entrepreneurs have become more socially responsible and environmentally conscious participants in the global economy. In the conditions of geopolitical and cultural transformations, they felt their important role in the formation of a strong civil society. The article examines modern aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a relevant component of enterprise management. The periods of formation and development of CSR are systematized, citing the authors of the main works of that time and the main ideas of doctrines. The limitations of each stage of evolution during the transition to the next one are defined. The conducted research proves that CSR is a complex multi-component system, the elements of which are able to stimulate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, contribute to social stabilization and environmental restoration. Creating a favorable environment for prosperity means not only supporting economic growth and entrepreneurship, but also ensuring equal opportunities, improving the quality of life, and investing in human capital. The authors characterized the theoretical foundations of CSR formation, highlighting approaches and concepts based on object-functional analysis. Practical recommendations for the effective use of CSR are offered, such as professional trainings, social and charitable missions, support for educational and cultural initiatives, implementation of environmental projects, energy saving and food security programs, cooperation with local communities, etc. CSR becomes a kind of catalyst for enterprises that seek to play a positive role in society and contribute to the development of the future welfare of nations. The decisive role of CSR in ensuring the competitiveness and successful development of enterprises in harmony with nature and achieving social progress of society in today’s globalization conditions has been confirmed.

Establishment and application of characteristic degradation fingerprint for the quality control of Compound Banlangen Granules polysaccharides.

Compound Chinese medicine preparation is a complex multi-component system. The traditional methods such as physicochemical identification and quantification of several main index components cannot provide adequate quality evaluation for Compound Banlangen Granules. The objective of this work was to establish a characteristic degradation fingerprint of Compound Banlangen Granules polysaccharides, and the reference fingerprint was obtained from the model samples prepared using prescription medicinal herbs from different origins. The partial degradation products of Compound Banlangen Granules polysaccharides were profiled by capillary zone electrophoresis, and the quality difference of polysaccharides of these preparations was compared by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. It was found that the contents and the characteristic degradation fingerprints of the polysaccharides from 25 batches of Compound Banlangen Granules of 17 manufacturers were significantly different. The quality of Compound Banlangen Granules polysaccharides was evaluated by the characteristic degradation fingerprint tool with satisfactory results. The present method provides a reference for the quality control strategy development of polysaccharides in other compound Chinese medicine preparations.

СТРАТИГРАФІЯ ОЙКОНІМІВ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ЕТНОЛОГІЇ

У статті проаналізовано важливі аспекти застосування стратиграфії ойконімів архаїчних типів для етнологічних студій, з’ясовано основні положення, які споріднюють стратиграфію та етнологію. Ойконімний ландшафт – частина антропогенного простору, що об’єднує стратиграфію ойконімікону з історією розвитку етносу. Екстралінгвальні та інтралінгвальні чинники впливають на якісні та кількісні параметри й ойконімного, й етнічного ландшафтів. Проаналізовано конкретний приклад географії ойконімних ареалів географічних назв на *-any/*-jany та *-itji (Картосхеми 1, 2), які пов’язані з родовим, колективним устроєм суспільства.

Оцінка утворення осаду, сумісності та ставлення до розчинників вбирних олив у аспекті експлуатаційних властивостей.

Currently, coke plants are experiencing a shortage of absorbent oil for capturing benzene hydrocarbons. This forces the companies to limit the capacity of regeneration units, which leads to an increase in oil density. At the same time, the content of substances insoluble in toluene increases in the oil, which creates a complex multicomponent dispersed system. In the case of replenishment of the circulation cycle with light fresh foreign-made oils, which are artificial mixtures of fractions obtained during the distillation of coal tar, there is a risk of precipitation as a result of flocculation of dispersed particles. There is a need to assess the probability of precipitation of the absorbing oil using additional methods. In this paper, evidence of the colloidal structure of the absorbent oil is reviewed, showing its tendency to flocculate when aliphatic solvents and other reagents are added. The ability to form a heterogeneous blot of a mixture of oils and their solvents was evaluated according to the method available in the literature. This method was applied to mixtures of fresh foreignmade absorbent oil and polymers from the benzene department. The results showed the absence of heterogeneous blot formation using this method. An assessment of the spreading area of equivalent drops by volume showed that the deterioration of the properties of fresh oil occurs already at the introduction of 8% of polymers of the benzene department. A mixture of crude benzene components with working absorbent oil forms a heterogeneous spot when 60 % o-xylene is added. This makes it possible to calculate the flocculation coefficient and quantify the effectiveness of measures to improve the quality of recycled oil. The data obtained are consistent with the list of solvents available in the literature that cause and do not cause flocculation of dispersed particles in tar and its fractions. Keywords: washing oil, precipitation, dispersed substances, solvents, flocculation, coagulation. Corresponding author: Artem L. Bannikov, e-mail: artiksmartik@gmail.com

Covalent functionalization of Sb2S3 with poly(N-vinylcarbazole) for solid-state broadband laser protection.

An optimized complex multi-component nanomaterial system would help greatly enhance the optical limiting performance and applicability of 2D nanomaterials. By using antimony sulfide-[S-1-dodecyl-S'-(α,α'-dimethyl-α''-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate] (Sb2S3-DDAT) as a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, a highly soluble poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-covalently modified Sb2S3 (Sb2S3-PVK) was synthesized in situ and embedded into a non-optically active poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix producing a PMMA-based film with good optical quality. In contrast to both the Sb2S3/PMMA and Sb2S3:PVK blends/PMMA films, the Sb2S3-PVK/PMMA film exhibits more superior optical limiting performance. After annealing in N2 at 200 °C for 30 minutes, the achieved nonlinear absorption coefficient and limiting threshold are changed from 411.79 cm GW-1 and 1.93 J cm-2 at 532 nm and 242.79 cm GW-1 and 4.17 J cm-2 at 1064 nm before annealing to 478.04 cm GW-1 and 1.70 J cm-2 at 532 nm and 520.92 cm GW-1 and 1.40 J cm-2 at 1064 nm after annealing, respectively. These advantages make Sb2S3-PVK one of the potential promising candidates for a broadband laser protector in both the visible and near-infrared ranges.

Formation of research competence of masters of teaching universities in the process of scientific and research practice

Problem formulation. Research competence should be considered as one of the basic components of the training of masters of professional education, in connection with which it is necessary to implement the principle of double entry of the basic component into the system. The main emphasis should be placed on scientific research practice, the purpose of which is to acquire the skills of a teacher-researcher, to master the modern methods of working with scientific information, its analysis, synthesis, generalization, the ability to work with scientific literature, and the ability to solve pedagogical problems in order to use these abilities, skills, abilities, qualities in professional activity. Thus, during the course of scientific research practice, master’s students will develop research competence. The aim of the article is to study the role of scientific research practice of master’s students of pedagogical higher educational institutions in the formation of research competencies, which are most in demand in the master’s professional activity. Materials and methods. To conduct this research, the following methods were applied in a complex: analysis of psychological-pedagogical and methodical literature, systematization and generalization of different views on the formation of research competence in masters of pedagogical universities. Results. The article examines scientific research practice in the master’s degree, defines its goals and objectives, reveals the conditions of its organization and significance in the system of formation of students’ research competence. Attention is paid to the formation of students’ research competencies, first of all at the master’s level and then at the postgraduate level . Research competence is understood as an integrative characteristic of a person, which involves the possession of methodological knowledge, research technology, recognition of their value and readiness to use them in professional activities . Research practice is part of a complex multi-component system of formation of research competence of students in the master’s degree. In the study, the methodological features of conducting scientific-pedagogical practice at master’s degrees are given, and it is found that in the process of scientific-research practice, research competence will be formed in master’s students of pedagogical universities, which will reflect: the graduate’s ability to study, analyze, synthesize scientific literature in the field of professional activity; possessing the skills to optimally choose the methods of scientific research; ability to construct written and oral language in a logically correct, reasoned and clear manner; oratorical abilities, skills of public speaking and competent conversation with opponents; skills in identifying modern problems of professional education and ways to solve them; readiness to work with legislative and educational and regulatory documentation, which is constantly changing; skills of conducting a pedagogical experiment, evaluating and correcting its results; the ability to independently find creative ways to solve non-standard professional Conclusions. Formation of research competence of masters of pedagogical universities implies readiness for innovative professional activity in the field of education. A graduate of the second level of higher education can apply and develop the acquired skills of scientific activity by continuing his studies at the next level - the training of highly qualified personnel, where research competence plays a key role.

Application of the Reuterin System as Food Preservative or Health-Promoting Agent: A Critical Review.

The reuterin system is a complex multi-component antimicrobial system produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri by metabolizing glycerol. The system mainly includes 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA, reuterin), 3-HPA dimer, 3-HPA hydrate, acrolein and 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and has great potential to be applied in the food and medical industries due to its functional versatility. It has been reported that the reuterin system possesses regulation of intestinal flora and anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Typically, the reuterin system exerts strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of the reuterin system remains unclear, and its toxicity is still controversial. This paper presents an updated review on the biosynthesis, composition, biological production, antimicrobial mechanisms, stability, toxicity and potential applications of the reuterin system. Challenges and opportunities of the use of the reuterin system as a food preservative or health-promoting agent are also discussed. The present work will allow researchers to accelerate their studies toward solving critical challenges obstructing industrial applications of the reuterin system.

Mapping structural heterogeneity at the nanoscale with scanning nano-structure electron microscopy (SNEM)

Here we explore the use of scanning electron diffraction (also known as 4D-STEM) coupled with electron atomic pair distribution function analysis (ePDF) to understand the local order (structure and chemistry) as a function of position in a complex multicomponent system, a hot rolled, Ni-encapsulated, Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG), with a spatial resolution of 3 nm. We show that it is possible to gain insight into the chemistry and chemical clustering/ordering tendency in different regions of the sample, including in the vicinity of nano-scale crystallites that are identified from virtual dark field images and in heavily deformed regions at the edge of the BMG. In addition to simpler analysis, unsupervised machine learning was used to extract partial PDFs from the material, modeled as a quasi-binary alloy, and map them in space. These maps allowed key insights not only into the local average composition, as validated by EELS, but also a unique insight into chemical short-range ordering tendencies in different regions of the sample during formation. The experiments are straightforward and rapid and, unlike spectroscopic measurements, don’t require energy filters on the instrument. We spatially map different quantities of interest (QoI’s), defined as scalars that can be computed directly from positions and widths of ePDF peaks or parameters refined from fits to the patterns. We developed a flexible and rapid data reduction and analysis software framework that allows experimenters to rapidly explore images of the sample on the basis of different QoI’s. The power and flexibility of this approach are explored and described in detail. Because of the fact that we are getting spatially resolved images of the nanoscale structure obtained from ePDFs we call this approach scanning nano-structure electron microscopy (SNEM), and we believe that it will be powerful and useful extension of current 4D-STEM methods.

Polymer Chemistry in Living Cells.

ConspectusThe polymerization of biomolecules is a central operation in biology that connects molecular signals with proliferative and information-rich events in cells. As molecules arrange precisely across 3-D space, they create new functional capabilities such as catalysis and transport highways and exhibit new phase separation phenomena that fuel nonequilibrium dynamics in cells. Hence, the observed polymer chemistry manifests itself as a molecular basis leading to cellular phenotypes, expressed as a multitude of hierarchical structures found in cell biology. Although many milestone discoveries had accompanied the rise of the synthetic polymer era, fundamental studies were realized within a closed, pristine environment and that their behavior in a complex multicomponent system remains challenging and thus unexplored. From this perspective, there is a rich trove of undiscovered knowledge that awaits the polymer science community that can revolutionize understanding in the interactive nanoscale world of the living cell.In this Account, we discuss the strategies that have enabled synthetic polymer chemistry to be conducted within the cells (membrane inclusive) and to establish monomer design principles that offer spatiotemporal control of the polymerization. As reaction considerations such as monomer concentration, polymer growth dynamics, and reactivities are intertwined with the subcellular environment and transport processes, we first provide a chemical narrative of each major cellular compartment. The conditions within each compartment will therefore set the boundaries on the type of polymer chemistry that can be conducted. Both covalent and supramolecular polymerization concepts are explored separately in the context of scaffold design, polymerization mechanism, and activation. To facilitate transport into a localized subcellular space, we show that monomers can be reversibly modified by targeting groups or stimulus-responsive motifs that react within the specific compartment. Upon polymerization, we discuss the characterization of the resultant polymeric structures and how these phase-separated structures would impact biological processes such as cell cycle, metabolism, and apoptosis. As we begin to integrate cellular biochemistry with in situ polymer science, we identify landmark challenges and technological hurdles that, when overcome, would lead to invaluable discoveries in macromolecular therapeutics and biology.

Bioremediation of Soil from Petroleum Contamination

Petroleum is the most common global fossil fuel. It is a complex multi-component system mainly composed of various hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, mono-, bi- and polyaromatic compounds, resins and asphaltenes. In spite of humanity’s need for petroleum, it negatively affects the environment due to its toxicity. The ecological problem is especially serious at petroleum mining sites or during petroleum transportation. Since it is not possible to replace petroleum with less toxic fuel, ways to reduce the toxic impact of petroleum hydrocarbons on the environment need to be developed. This review addresses bioremediation, a biological approach to petroleum degradation, which is mainly performed by microbes. The pathways of degradation of alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons are presented in detail. The effects of temperature, aeration and the presence of biogenic elements on microbial degradation of petroleum are discussed. Plant–microbe interactions involved with the bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils are specifically addressed. The data presented in this review point to the great potential of bioremediation practices for cleaning soils of petroleum.

Commercial products of mining and metallurgical companies in river sediments of industrial regions

Modern alluvium is a complex multicomponent system that includes both natural and man-made material. In the process of research on the pollution of river sediments with industrial waste, the authors established the presence of commercial products of mining and processing enterprises in the sediments. It includes crushed granite, metallurgical slags, ores and concentrates, coal and other products. Significant volumes of inputs of these materials into the ecosystem motivate the development of special technologies aimed at additional production of mineral products through the complex processing of modern river alluvium. In addition to economic benefits, the implementation of these projects will improve the state of the environment in regions with significant technogenic load.

Cryogenic 4D-STEM analysis of an amorphous-crystalline polymer blend: Combined nanocrystalline and amorphous phase mapping

SummaryUnderstanding and visualizing the heterogeneous structure of immiscible semicrystalline polymer systems is critical for optimizing their morphology and microstructure. We demonstrate a cryogenic 4D-STEM technique using a combination of amorphous radial profile mapping and correlative crystalline growth processing methods to map both the crystalline and amorphous phase distribution in an isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EO) multilayer film with 5-nm step size. The resulting map shows a very sharp interface between the amorphous iPP and EO with no preferential crystalline structure near or at the interface, reinforcing the expected incompatibility and immiscibility of iPP and EO, which is a short-chain branched polyethylene. This technique provides a method for direct observation of interfacial structure in an unstained semicrystalline complex multicomponent system with a single cryogenic 4D-STEM dataset.

УДОСКОНАЛЕНА МЕТОДИКА СТВОРЕННЯ ПРОФІЛЮ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ДЛЯ ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СЛУЖБОВОЇ (ТРУДОВОЇ) ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У ВОЄННІЙ СФЕРІ

The necessity to define the specific psychophysiological, mental and physical features of military personnel needed for certain service activities, is stipulated by the fact that there is a need for a quick selection of military specialists capable of performing the assigned missions, a definition of military personnel's professional suitability to perform combat assignments, etc., during the martial law. In addition to the inherent abilities, such as musical, mathematical and other abilities, person's capabilities are limited by the inherent qualities of the central nervous system. Training of some features is limited and possible only to a certain extent. The inherent qualities of the central nervous system stipulate the efficiency of a person's professional activity, depending on the range of individual and typical qualities and functional state of the central nervous system, and also on personal features, which ensure coordination of psychophysiological manifestations of the functional state, its qualitative originality. According to the acting regulatory and legal documents regulating the personnel policy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, "human capital of the Armed Forces is a set of abilities, personal traits and motivations formed and developed in the course of corresponding training and possessed by the personnel, which are used in the official duties, contribute to the growth of professional competence and thereby impact the level of combat readiness of troops". It means selecting the candidates who are best qualified for a given military speciality by their psychophysiological characteristics. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the fact that there is a high dynamic of re-equipping structural units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with advanced weapons and military equipment and present-day requirements to the military personnel as a whole. It demands a continuous improvement of the psychophysiological support system for service (labour) activities in the military domain. This is a complex multicomponent system requiring the involvement of different specialists for implementation. The article presents the upgrading of the system based on the improvement of the methodology for creating a military specialities profile using a modified modular system of original computerized psychodiagnostic tests which combines both quantity determination of the psychophysiological and cognitive functions’ efficiency and electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic tests helping to define human brain neuro networks involved in performing some functions and to evaluate the difficulty level of performing some tests. The given modification enables to raise the efficiency and reliability of evaluation of the inherent complex indicators of the military (employee) central nervous system needed for the elaboration and application of technologies for the development of professionally critical features and their functional state. Moreover, in addition to the evaluation of the inherent psychophysiological and cognitive capabilities, it is essential to foresee and consider a series of external and internal factors of the service (labour) environment, researched in detail and described in the article. These factors will supplement and specify the requirements for the organism of a person serving in certain conditions of the external and internal environment and with a particular regime of the service (labour) activity and rest.

FORECASTING THE GROUNDWATER TREATMENT PROCESS IN A BIOREACTOR USING FERROBACTERIA

The monitoring of water quality parameters in 90 settlements of eight regions of Ukraine made it possible to state that groundwater is a complex multicomponent system. Existing deironing stations using simplified aeration-filtration technology are not able to remove Fe (II) compounds from water in the presence of humic complexes. Therefore, in modern conditions, the urgent task is to intensify their work through the introduction of new technologies, including biotechnology with the development of appropriate mathematical models. It is shown that much less attention was paid to modeling the kinetics of groundwater treatment processes in bioreactors than to traditional physicochemical methods, for which modern mathematical models were developed.
 The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of the kinetics of the process of groundwater treatment in bioreactors. The mathematical model is represented by the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear system of differential equations in partial derivatives of the first order. The system of the Cauchy problem consists of five equations with five unknown functions, which describe the distribution the concentration of ferrum cations, bacteria and the matrix structures in two phases (movable and immobilized) both in space and time. The inverse influence of the characteristics of the process, in particular, the concentration of matrix structures in the inter-pore space, as well as characteristics of the medium with the help of coefficients of mass exchange and porosity, were taken into account. The model allows determining the optimum operation time of a bioreactor between washings

MODEL-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

The problem of complex multi-component system processing arises in many fields of science and engineering. A system can be described in terms of its components, behavior, and interaction. This work proposes a new declarative Turing complete “model-oriented” programming paradigm based on the concept of “model-component” - a complex structure with well-defined characteristics and behavior, and no external methods. The set of model-components is closed under the union operation of model-components into “model-complex”. The proposed approach allows the program to describe the complex system and behavior of its components in a declarative way, possesses a higher level of encapsulation than the object-oriented paradigm, involves a reduced amount of imperative programming, and is naturally focused on parallel computations.

The impact of the catalyst layer structure on the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cell

Intrinsic water imbalance in AEMFC complicates the mass transport phenomena in the electrodes and causes performance loss. Because an AEMFC electrode is a complex multi-component system composed of agglomerates of carbon-supported catalyst bound to ionomer, balancing these components is critical for better water management. Herein, we clarify the influence of the three electrode parameters (ionomer content, active material loading, and active material to carbon ratio) on AEMFC performance using commercial AEM and AEI (FAA-3–50 membrane and FAA-3 ionomer) with standard precious metal catalysts (PtRu/C and Pt/C). The influence of the electrode parameters of each electrode (anode and cathode) was investigated individually. Physical and electrochemical measurements revealed that the cell performance was highly dependent on each electrode parameter for both electrodes, and it was confirmed that the supply of water by back-diffusion rather than oxygen at the cathode, as well as water flooding at the anode, limited the performance of the AEMFC. In particular, we demonstrate commercial material-based AEMFC with specific power over 3 W mgPGM−1 with low PGM loading (0.2 mgPGM cm−2) by adjusting the anode and cathode electrode parameters.

Molecular self-organization of wood lignin-carbohydrate matrix.

The analysis of the state of research on the chemical composition, functional nature and structure of the main components of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix allows considering the wood substance as a thermodynamically self-organizing nanobiocomposite system. Features of biosynthesis of the wood matrix main biopolymers, the formation of their functional nature and structure determine the complex hierarchical organization of cell walls. The supramolecular level of biosynthesis considers the interaction of cell wall components. On the one hand, these are questions of dynamics of cell walls synthesis and processes of self-organization that control the formation of chaotic objects of biological origin; on the other hand, it is the question of thermodynamic compatibility of plant tissue components. Various models of structural organization are currently being considered, focusing on various features (biological, chemical, structural) of wood substance. At the same time, the lignin-carbohydrate matrix is a three-component system of natural polymers: lignin-hemicelluloses-cellulose, the state of which is described by specific values of thermodynamic parameters that characterize the degree of its stability. The new approach proposed in this paper allows considering the plant lignin-carbohydrate matrix from the standpoint of physical chemistry of polymer as quasi-equilibrium, thermodynamically limited ordered system of biopolymers. Thus, the biochemical processes of synthesis and self-organization lead to the formation of a complex multicomponent system of wood substance, considered as a nanobiocomposite. This determines the need to study the applicability of the fundamental cycle "structure-functional nature-properties" from the standpoint of physical chemistry of biopolymers both for the investigation of plant objects and for the development of modern technologies for complex processing based on the principles of "green chemistry".

GREEN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

The subject of this study is the principles, factors and features of the green economy as a complex multicomponent system. It was important to clarify the ontology of the term “development” and to propose a methodology for filling the meaning of this term with a specific scientific approach, which consisted in identifying factors that shape directed, natural (regular) and inevitable changes as mandatory elements of development in the philosophical sense of the latter. The article analyzes different approaches to the definition of green economy, which gave the authors a reason to propose their own perception of the green economy as a socio-eco-economic system, which should be simultaneous under directed, natural (regular) and inevitable changes to ensure its development. The authors dwelled on the characteristics of each of the three mandatory changes. Directed changes in the green economy as a system were considered through the prism of seventeen goals of sustainable development (defining those for which the green economy “works” directly), which form new requirements for key components of the economic system: production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Regular changes are characterized as those that correspond or do not contradict the basic economic laws of the post-industrial era and form the ecological basis for the competitiveness of the economy. Irreversibility of change is defined as justified regulatory measures of strict environmental and economic policy, based on the methodological, proven by scientists, the principle of regulation in a mixed economic system and the abandonment of free market mechanisms (which “does not work” to achieve sustainable development). The authors have proposed a system-hierarchical approach to ensuring intermediate principles of green economy development as a system (direction, regularity and irreversibility of changes) and their integral effect on the quality of sustainable development of the social system as a whole. Further directions of research of system principles of development of green economy have been defined as well.

Objective / subjective information strategies in electronic German media

The article is devoted to the research of linguistic implementation of objective / subjective information strategies in the complex of electronic texts (article + comments) from modern German media. The material of the research was the primary texts of messages on topical issues from the newspaper ZEIT ONLINE and the magazine Focus Online as well as secondary texts of messages in the form of comments from the general reader. According to the analysis it is obvious that the strategic program in the studied discursive space is a complex multicomponent system due to both the intentional attitudes of the sender of the message and the special conditions of interaction in the Internet space. The topicality of the research is determined by consideration of verbal organization and implementation of the information strategies chosen for analysis and sorted on the objectivity subjectivity scale. The author emphasizes the use of means of different levels of the German language in the process of overlapping and intentional change of strategies. The emphasis is made on the fact that the strategic program of the message sender in the electronic environment can be guessed by the recipient, but there is no further continuation in the comments. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that in electronic German media a commentator, choosing suitable strategies of his own can turn the polemics based on what he read in the article into a new direction. In the course of the language analysis, it is noticed that for an electronic article, strategies of objective information are the most typically ones (detail strategy, information and interpretation strategy, logical persuasion strategy and evasion of the truth strategy), and for an electronic comment, it is more common the choice of subjective information strategy (control over the topic strategy, feelings appeal strategies and evaluation strategies).

Physical mechanism analysis of cholesterol concentration effect on asymmetric phospholipid membrane

Cell membrane is a multi-component complex system containing large number of membrane proteins and various types of sterols, so its properties are closely relevant to the interaction of sterols with phospholipid membranes. In this paper, we use the molecular dynamics method to investigate the effect of cholesterol concentration on asymmetric phospholipid system. To describe the membrane with the complex lipid components, we employ the coarse-grained model and choose three types of saturated phospholipids, DPPC, DPPE and DPPS, as the membrane components. The different concentrations of cholesterol are represented by five systems, so different physical influences on asymmetric phospholipid membrane can be exhibited. After enough time of the molecular simulation, the structural properties of the membrane, such as lipid accumulation, lipid tail sequence, lipid diffusion and cholesterol turnover, are obtained. The analysis on the total energy of the system, the L-J and electrostatic interaction between cholesterol molecules and phospholipid membrane system shows that the effect of cholesterol concentration on asymmetric phospholipid membrane is through changing the fluidity of asymmetric phospholipid membrane. Meanwhile, the distribution of cholesterol molecules in phospholipid membrane shows that most of them are concentrated in the inner side of phospholipid membrane, which also leads to the increase in tail order parameter and the thickness of phospholipid membrane. At the same time, we take into account the stress of cholesterol molecules to analyze the turnover of cholesterol molecules in different concentrations in the phospholipid membrane, and find that there is no obvious law of the stress on cholesterol molecules at different concentrations. Therefore, the turnover frequency of cholesterol molecules is mainly due to the stronger fluidity of the phospholipid membrane when the concentration of cholesterol increases. Our research can provide some help for a better understanding of the basic characteristics of the structure and kinetics of membranes containing cholesterol.